Beyond the Basics: Mastering Numbers in APA 7 Style
As an academic editor, I often see writers applying the well-known APA rule of spelling out numbers less than 10, only to stumble when it comes to time, distance, and age. Today, let's look at this often-misunderstood aspect of APA 7 style.
The Basic Rule Most writers are familiar with:
The basic APA rule: spell out numbers under 10. Example: "The study included eight participants."
The Exception: Time, Distance, and Age
However, APA 7 makes a clear exception for units of time, distance, and age. For these, always use numerals, even for numbers less than 10.
Examples:
Time: "The experiment lasted 6 weeks."
Distance: "Participants walked 3 miles."
Age: "The 5-year-old children performed better on the task."
Why This Exception Matters
Consistency: It ensures uniform presentation of numerical data across your document.
Clarity: Numerals stand out in text, making it easier for readers to quickly grasp quantitative information.
Precision: It avoids potential ambiguity, especially with compound modifiers (e.g., "5-year-old" vs. "five-year-old").
Additional Considerations
Decades: Always use numerals for decades. Write "the 1990s," not "the nineties."
Percentages: Use numerals for all percentages, even those less than 10.
Units of Measurement: Always use numerals with standard units of measurement.
Practical Tips
Create a checklist: When proofreading, specifically look for instances of time, distance, and age.
Use search functions: Search your document for spelled-out numbers that might need to be converted to numerals.
Be consistent: If in doubt, check the APA 7 manual or a reliable online resource.
Understanding the nuances of number usage in APA 7 style can significantly enhance the clarity and professionalism of your academic writing. By mastering these rules, you ensure that your readers can focus on your content without being distracted by inconsistencies in number presentation.
Have you encountered other tricky aspects of number usage in APA style? Share your experiences or questions in the comments below!
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